The holy ash made of burnt dried wood in Agamic rituals, called Vibhuti or Bhasma, is believed to protect devotees from all evil forces, purify, and kindle one’s spirit.
Tilak (or Tilaka) is a mark made on a Hindu's forehead. They might be made of ash from a sacrificial fire, sandalwood paste, turmeric, cow dung, clay, charcoal, or red lead. In addition to its religious symbolism, the tilak has a cooling effect on the forehead and this can assist in concentration and meditation.